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TURKEY;
A
country where people form different cultures,
religions and ethnic backgrounds come together!
A geography, as ancient as the human culture,
where the ancient continents of Asia and
Europe meet. Turkey is a paradise
of sea, sun and mountains, at the same time
offering the visitors the pleasure of
historical treasures of magnificent ancient
cities. From April to October, most parts of
Turkey have an ideal climate providing perfect
conditions which a visitor can enjoy the
comfort of sandy beaches and also the unique
atmosphere of Ancient Cities. It is doubtless
that just one visit will not be enough, one
will want to come back time after time as the
extraordinary places and tastes are discovered.
Turkey, exotic, colorful, many-faceted,
romantic, ever-old and ever-new, is the
gateway and the key to the fabled East. Turkey
has a magnificent past and is a land full of
historic treasures.
GEOGRAPHY
Turkey is 774.815 km2. The Anatolia part is in
Asia and Thrace belongs to Europe that is why
The Bosphorus is said to be the gate between
the two continents. Turkey is rich with its
rivers, lakes, mountains and bays apart from
the seas surrounding the country which are the
Black Sea, the Mediterranean and the Aegean
Sea. The biggest lake in Turkey is in the
eastern part which is called the lake Van
which took attention a few years ago with its
so-called monster. The highest mountain is
again in the eastern part and it's called The
Agri Mountain, which is 5,165 meters high.
Kusadasi is in the western part in the Aegean
region close to the third biggest city of
Turkey, Izmir.
Turkey is divided into seven regions;
the Black Sea region, the Marmara region, the
Aegean region, the Mediterranean region,
Central Anatolia, the East Anatolian and
Southeast Anatolia regions.
The Eastern Anatolian region is the
richest in numbers. Turkey's largest lake Van,
3,713 square kilometers, and the lakes of
Ercek, Cildir and Hazar are in this region.
There are also many lakes in the west Taurus
mountains area: the Beysehir and Egirdir lakes,
and the lakes that contain bitter waters like
the Burdur and Acigoller lakes. Around the Sea
of Marmara there are Sapanca, Iznik, Ulubat,
Manyas, Terkos, Kucukcekmece and Buyukcekmece.
In Central Anatolia there is the second
largest lake in Turkey, Tuzgolu. The waters of
this lake are shallow and very salty. As a
result of the several lakes, many dam lakes
were constructed such as the Ataturk Dam lake,
Keban, Karakaya, Altinkaya, Adiguzel,
Kilickaya, Karacaoren, Menzelet, Kapulukaya,
Hirfanli, Sariyar and Demirkopru.
Turkey is surrounded by the Black Sea in the
north, the Mediterranean in the south and the
Aegean Sea in the west on three sides. In the
northwest there is an internal sea, the Sea of
Marmara, between the straits of the
Dardanelles and the Bosphorus. The length of
the Black Sea coastline in Turkey is 1,595
kilometers. The Mediterranean coastline is
1,577 kilometers. The Aegean Sea coast is over
2,800 kilometers. The coastline of the Marmara
Sea is over 1,000 kilometers long.
The most important rivers of Turkey, the Firat
(Euphrates) and Dicle (Tigris) join together
in Iraq and flow into the Persian Gulf.
Turkey's longest rivers, the Kizilirmak,
Yesilirmak and Sakarya, flow into the Black
Sea. The Susurluk, Biga and Gonen pour into
the Sea of Marmara, the Gediz, Kucuk Menderes,
Buyuk Menderes and Meric into the Aegean, and
the Seyhan, Ceyhan and Goksu into the
Mediterranean.
Turkey
is located in the northern half of the
hemisphere at a point that is about halfway
between the equator and the north pole, at a
latitude of 36 degrees N to 42 degrees N and a
longitude of 26 degrees E to 45 degrees E.
Turkey is roughly rectangular in shape and it
is 1,660 kilometers long and 550 kilometers
wide.
The surface of Turkey, including its
lakes and rivers, is 814,578 km2, of which
790,200 are in Asia and 24,378 are located in
Europe.
The
land borders of Turkey are 2,753 kilometers in
total, and coastlines (including islands) are
another 8,333 kilometers. Turkey has two
European neighboring countries which are
Greece and Bulgaria and six Asian neighboring
countries which are Iraq, Iran, Syria, Armenia,
Georgia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
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HISTORY
Turkey has been called ‘’the cradle of
civilization’’ and by traveling through
this historic land the tourists will discover
exactly what is meant by its phrase. The
world’s first town, a Neolithic city at
Catalhoyuk ( by Konya ), dates back to 6,500
BC. From the days of Catalhoyuk up to the
present time Turkey boasts of a rich culture
that trough the centuries has made a lasting
impression on modern civilization. The heir
many centuries of cultures makes Turkey a
paradise of information and cultural wealth.
Hattis, Hittites, Phrygians, Urartians,
Lycians, Lydians, Ionians, Persians,
Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, and
Ottomans have all held important places in
Turkey’s history, and ancient sites and
ruins scattered throughout the country give
proof to each civilization’s unique
distinction.
Turkey also has a very
fascinating recent history. Upon the decline
of the Ottoman Empire, a young man named
Mustafa Kemal, who was a soldier by occupation
but a great visionary in character, took the
defeat of World War I and turned it into a
shining victory by liberating Turkey of all
foreign invaders. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
founded the Republic of Turkey on the 29th of
October, 1923. He led his country into peace
and stability, with tremendous economic growth
and complete modernization. Through decades of
change and growth Turkey still boasts of this
success by effectively living by their adopted
motto of ‘’Peace at Home, Peace in the
World’’.
POPULATION
The current population
of Turkey is over 65 million people, of whom
60% live in the cities. Then ten most populous
cities in order are Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir
Adana, Bursa, Gaziantep, Eskisehir, Kayseri
and Diyarbakir. More than half the population
is under the age of 20.
LANGUAGE
The Turkish Language
belongs to the Ural Altaic group and has an
affinity to the Finno Hungarian languages.
Since 1928 Turkish has been written in a
phonetic, Latin alphabet of 29 letters and is
spoken by some 150 million people around the
world.
RELIGION
While Turkey is a secular
state, about 98% of the people are Muslims;
their faith is that of Islam. ‘Islam’
means ‘submission’; a Muslim is one of who
submits himself to God. Islam is the most
recent of the three great monotheistic
religions, having developed from the
revelations by God to the Prophet Mohammed. He
was born in Mecca and lived from about AD 570
to June 8,632. His activity as a Prophet
encompassed the ten years before his death.
The holy book of Islam is the Koran; it is
believed to be the revelation of God to
Mohammed. It contains 114 suras (chapters) and
6,666 ayets (verses). Allahuekber (God is
incomparable) are the words calling the people
to prayer. The non-Muslim minority people are
concentrated in Istanbul. There are Sephardic
Jews and Christians of several backgrounds:
Greek Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, Greek
Catholic, Syrian Orthodox, a few Protestants
and some others.
POLITICAL
STRUCTURE
The Turkish Republic is
based on secular democratic, pluralist and
parliamentary system, where human rights are
protected by law and social justice. The
National Assembly is elected by popular vote
and the nation is governed by the Council of
Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. Turkey
is a founding member of OECD, the Black Sea
Economic Cooperation Organization, a member of
NATO, the European Council and the European
Parliament, and an associate member of the
European Community.
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